Americans in the 1920s were the first to wear ready-made, exact-size clothing. They were the first to play electric phonographs, to use electric vacuum cleaners, to listen to commercial radio broadcasts, and to drink fresh orange juice year round. In countless ways, large and small, American life was transformed during the 1920s, at least in urban areas. Cigarettes, cosmetics, and synthetic fabrics such as rayon became staples of American life. Newspaper gossip columns, illuminated billboards, and commercial airplane flights were novelties during the 1920s. The United States became a consumer society.
New products seemed to burst from American production lines with the potential of revolutionizing American life. Perhaps no invention affected American everyday life in the 20th century more than the automobile.
The Car Henry Ford symbolized the incredible transformation that took place in American industry during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1913, the 50-year-old Ford had revolutionized (changed) American manufacturing by introducing the automated assembly line. By using conveyor belts to bring automobile parts to workers who had a specific and repetitious job, he cut the assembly time for a Ford car (most popular model was called the Model T) from 12 ½ hours in 1912 to just 1 ½ hours in 1914. Because of the decrease in the cost to make the car (because it was this quick, efficient way now with the assembly line), Ford to cut the price of his car to just $290 by the late 1920s. Ford made cars affordable for the average family. Ford wanted to produce an inexpensive, functional vehicle with few frills. Ford said that his customers could have any color that they wanted as long as it was black. They did not have a radio, were high off the ground at first, and had to be cranked to start.
In order to keep his employees happy and working hard, Ford introduced a minimum wage of $5 in 1914--twice what most workers earned--and shortened the workday from nine hours to eight hours. Twelve years later, Ford reduced his work week from six days to five days creating a weekend! Ford believed that if his workers earned good wages and had time off, combined with the new low price of the car, it would encourage his workers to buy more products. Cars were the symbol of the new consumer society that emerged in the 1920s. In 1919, there were just 6.7 million cars on American roads. By 1929, there were more than 27 million cars--or nearly one car for every household in the United States. In that year, one American out of every five owned a car--compared to one out of every 37 English and one out of every 40 French car owners.
Impact of the Car Some Americans saw the car as a great invention for America saying that it promoted family togetherness through evening rides, picnics, and weekend excursions. Others thought it would have a negative impact because it caused parents and teens to fight over use of the automobile and an apparent decline in church attendance resulting from Sunday outings. Worst of all, charged critics, automobiles gave young people freedom and privacy, serving as "portable bedrooms" that couples could take anywhere.
The automobile also transformed the American landscape, quickly obliterating all traces of the horse and buggy past. During the 1920s, the country doubled its system of roads and highways. The car also brought pollution, congestion, and nearly 30,000 traffic deaths a year. The automobile industry provided an enormous stimulus for the national economy. Automobiles stimulated the growth of steel, glass, and rubber industries, along with the gasoline stations, motor lodges, camp grounds, and hot dog stands that dotted the nation's roadways.
Other inventions Along with the automobile, the telephone and electricity also were popular inventions of the consumer economy. As more and more of America's homes received electricity, new appliances followed: refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and toasters quickly took hold. Advertisers claimed that "labor saving" appliances would make household life easier for women.
Ready-to-wear clothing was another important innovation in America's expanding consumer economy. During World War I, the federal government defined standard clothing sizes to help the nation's garment industry meet the demand for military uniforms. Standard sizes meant that it was now possible to mass produce ready-to-wear clothing.
Instead of preparing food from scratch at home (plucking chickens, roasting nuts, or grinding coffee beans), an increasing number of Americans purchased foods that were ready-to-cook. Important innovations in food processing occurred during World War I, as manufacturers learned how to efficiently produce canned and frozen foods. Processed foods saved homemakers enormous amounts of time in peeling, grinding, and cutting.
The Radio
An invention that didn't cost as much and with the same abilities to bring people together started one the greatest crazes of the 1920s. The radio became an instant success with the American public. The radio became a part of almost every home in America in only a few short years. Following the startup of the first public radio broadcasting station, KDKA, in Pittsburgh, thousands more broadcasting stations popped up all over the country in the next few years. Radio instantly became a national obsession; many people would stay up half the night listening to concerts (especially jazz), sermons, news (especially addresses from the President), and sports. Public radio allowed listeners to not only keep up with national issues and events, it also allowed listeners to experience new ideas, new entertainment, and to form opinions on matters that had never been publicized to a national degree. The radios in thousands of homes linked people in simultaneous enjoyment and excitement.
Americans in the 1920s were the first to wear ready-made, exact-size clothing. They were the first to play electric phonographs, to use electric vacuum cleaners, to listen to commercial radio broadcasts, and to drink fresh orange juice year round. In countless ways, large and small, American life was transformed during the 1920s, at least in urban areas. Cigarettes, cosmetics, and synthetic fabrics such as rayon became staples of American life. Newspaper gossip columns, illuminated billboards, and commercial airplane flights were novelties during the 1920s. The United States became a consumer society.
New products seemed to burst from American production lines with the potential of revolutionizing American life. Perhaps no invention affected American everyday life in the 20th century more than the automobile.
The Car
Henry Ford symbolized the incredible transformation that took place in American industry during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1913, the 50-year-old Ford had revolutionized (changed) American manufacturing by introducing the automated assembly line. By using conveyor belts to bring automobile parts to workers who had a specific and repetitious job, he cut the assembly time for a Ford car (most popular model was called the Model T) from 12 ½ hours in 1912 to just 1 ½ hours in 1914. Because of the decrease in the cost to make the car (because it was this quick, efficient way now with the assembly line), Ford to cut the price of his car to just $290 by the late 1920s. Ford made cars affordable for the average family. Ford wanted to produce an inexpensive, functional vehicle with few frills. Ford said that his customers could have any color that they wanted as long as it was black. They did not have a radio, were high off the ground at first, and had to be cranked to start.
In order to keep his employees happy and working hard, Ford introduced a minimum wage of $5 in 1914--twice what most workers earned--and shortened the workday from nine hours to eight hours. Twelve years later, Ford reduced his work week from six days to five days creating a weekend! Ford believed that if his workers earned good wages and had time off, combined with the new low price of the car, it would encourage his workers to buy more products. Cars were the symbol of the new consumer society that emerged in the 1920s. In 1919, there were just 6.7 million cars on American roads. By 1929, there were more than 27 million cars--or nearly one car for every household in the United States. In that year, one American out of every five owned a car--compared to one out of every 37 English and one out of every 40 French car owners.
Impact of the Car
Some Americans saw the car as a great invention for America saying that it promoted family togetherness through evening rides, picnics, and weekend excursions. Others thought it would have a negative impact because it caused parents and teens to fight over use of the automobile and an apparent decline in church attendance resulting from Sunday outings. Worst of all, charged critics, automobiles gave young people freedom and privacy, serving as "portable bedrooms" that couples could take anywhere.
The automobile also transformed the American landscape, quickly obliterating all traces of the horse and buggy past. During the 1920s, the country doubled its system of roads and highways. The car also brought pollution, congestion, and nearly 30,000 traffic deaths a year. The automobile industry provided an enormous stimulus for the national economy. Automobiles stimulated the growth of steel, glass, and rubber industries, along with the gasoline stations, motor lodges, camp grounds, and hot dog stands that dotted the nation's roadways.
Other inventions
Along with the automobile, the telephone and electricity also were popular inventions of the consumer economy. As more and more of America's homes received electricity, new appliances followed: refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and toasters quickly took hold. Advertisers claimed that "labor saving" appliances would make household life easier for women.
Ready-to-wear clothing was another important innovation in America's expanding consumer economy. During World War I, the federal government defined standard clothing sizes to help the nation's garment industry meet the demand for military uniforms. Standard sizes meant that it was now possible to mass produce ready-to-wear clothing.
Instead of preparing food from scratch at home (plucking chickens, roasting nuts, or grinding coffee beans), an increasing number of Americans purchased foods that were ready-to-cook. Important innovations in food processing occurred during World War I, as manufacturers learned how to efficiently produce canned and frozen foods. Processed foods saved homemakers enormous amounts of time in peeling, grinding, and cutting.
The Radio
An invention that didn't cost as much and with the same abilities to bring people together started one the greatest crazes of the 1920s. The radio became an instant success with the American public. The radio became a part of almost every home in America in only a few short years. Following the startup of the first public radio broadcasting station, KDKA, in Pittsburgh, thousands more broadcasting stations popped up all over the country in the next few years. Radio instantly became a national obsession; many people would stay up half the night listening to concerts (especially jazz), sermons, news (especially addresses from the President), and sports. Public radio allowed listeners to not only keep up with national issues and events, it also allowed listeners to experience new ideas, new entertainment, and to form opinions on matters that had never been publicized to a national degree. The radios in thousands of homes linked people in simultaneous enjoyment and excitement.
Works Cited:
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/subtitles.cfm?TitleID=67
http://www.angelfire.com/co/pscst/tech.html
http://ushistory.org/us/46a.asp